تاثیر گرایش کارآفرینانه برعملکرد کسب و کار منتج از ظرفیت جذب و آشفتگی بازار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار و عضو هیأت علمی گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه سمنان

2 دانشجوی دکتری بازاریابی بین الملل، دانشگاه سمنان

چکیده

در عصر حاضر، کارآفرینی در سطح سازمانی و گرایش کارآفرینانه در سطح فردی می‌تواند به‌عنوان مزیت رقابتی عصر جدید تلقی شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر گرایش کارآفرینانه بر عملکرد سازمانی در محیط‌ آشفته شرکت­های کوچک و متوسط صورت گرفته است. این پژوهش بر مبنای هدف از نوع کاربردی، از حیث روش به دست آوردن داده‌ها از نوع توصیفی همبستگی و از نظر نوع داده‌های گردآوری‌شده که به‌وسیله پرسشنامه به‌دست‌آمده‌اند، از نوع کمی است. برای سنجش ابعاد عملکرد از پرسشنامه استاندارد ورهیز و مورگان، گرایش کارآفرینانه از پرسشنامه استاندارد کوین و اسلوین، ظرفیت جذب، پرسشنامه استاندارد جانسن و آشفتگی بازار از پرسشنامه استاندارد جاووسکی و کوهلی استفاده شد. جامعه آماری تحقیق، از مدیران ارشد کسب ‌و کارهای کوچک و متوسط عضو پایگاه اطلاع‌رسانی صنایع کوچک و متوسط انتخاب شد. تحلیل داده­های گردآوری‌شده با استفاده از مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که ظرفیت جذب رابطه بین عملکرد و گرایش کارآفرینانه را در بازار آشفته تقویت می‌کند. یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند به مدیران و تحلیلگران شرکت‌ها در شناسایی شرایط بازار و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر عملکرد شرکت‌هایشان کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Organizational Performance in a Turbulent Environment (The Case of SMEs)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azimollah Zarei 1
  • Atefeh Shaabani 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Semnan University
2 PhD student of International Marketing, Semnan University
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, entrepreneurship at the organizational level and entrepreneurial attitude at the individual-level can be seen as a competitive advantage in the new era. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs in the disturbance environment. While it is essentially an applied research, a questionnaire was employed to collect the data within a descriptive survey. To measure the dimensions of the organizational performance Vorhies and Morgan’s standard questionnaire, to measure entrepreneurial attitude, Covin and Lampkin’s standard questionnaire, to measure absorptive capacity, Janson’s standard questionnaire and to measure market turbulence, Jaworski and Kohli’s standard questionnaire were used. Senior executives of small and medium businesses, the member of small and medium industries Information Center were selected as the population of the investigation. Analyzing collected data by Structural equation modeling demonstrated that absorptive capacity strengthens the EO–performance relationship in turbulent markets. The findings help managers and company’s analysts to identify the market conditions and factors affecting the company's performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial orientation
  • absorptive capacity
  • market turbulence
  • Organizational Performance
1- رضوی، سید مصطفی. زالی، محمدرضا. رشیدی، محمود و دیداری، جاوید (1390)، نقش گرایش کارآفرینانه در عملکرد سازمانی؛ شعب بانک ملت شهر تهران. پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی علمی- پژوهشی، 3(5): 116-95
2- حاجی کریمی، عباسعلی. منصوریان، تالین (1391)، بررسی و تبیین نقش مدیریت دانش مشتری در بهبود عملکرد سازمانی. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی کاوش‌های مدیریت بازرگانی، 4(8): 92-75.
3- حمیدی زاده، محمد رضا. خیرخواه عسکرآباد، محمد رضا (1391)، بررسی تأثیر قابلیت‌های مدیریت دانش بازاریابی بر عملکرد سازمان در صنعت پتروشیمی ایران. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی کاوش های مدیریت بازرگانی، 4(8): 45-30.
4- سنجقی، محمدابراهیم. فرهی، علی. درودی، حمید و ظهوریان نادلی، ایمان (1393)، اثر میانجی‌گری تعهد سازمانی بر رابطه بین گرایش کارآفرینانه و عملکرد سازمانی. فصلنامه پژوهش‌های مدیریت منابع انسانی دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع)، 6(1): 1-29.
5-مبینی دهکردی، علی.رضازاده، آرش. دهقان نجم‌آبادی، عامر. و دهقان نجم آبادی، منصور (1391)، تأثیر فرهنگ سازمانی بر گرایش کارآفرینانه سازمان (مطالعه موردی: شرکت خودروسازی زامیاد). توسعه کارآفرینی، 4(16): 47-66
6- مدهوشی، مهرداد. طبیبی، محمدرضا و دلاوری، حمیدرضا (1391)، تأثیر بازار گرایی و گرایش کارآفرینانه بر نوآوری در کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط. فصلنامه پژوهشنامه بازرگانی،65 (17): 136-115
7-Anderson, B., Eshima, Y. (2013).The influence of firm age and intangible resources on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm growth among Japanese SMEs, Journal of Business Venturing 28 (3), 413–429.
8-Barreto, I. (2010). Dynamic capabilities: a review of past research and an agenda for the future. Journal of Management 36 (1), 256–280.
9-Barringer, B., Bluedorn, A.C., (2009).The relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal20, 421–444.
10-Becherer, R., Maurer, J., (1997).The moderating effect of environmental variables on the entrepreneurial and marketing orientation of entrepreneur-led firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 22 (1), 47–58.
11-Cassiman, B., Veugelers, R., (2006). In search of complementarity in innovation strategy: internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition. Management Science 52(1), 68–82.
12-Chaston, I., Sadler-Smith, E., (2012).Entrepreneurial cognition, entrepreneurial orientation and firm capability in the creative industries. British Journal of Management 23 (3), 415–432.
13-Cohen, W., Levinthal, D., (1990). Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 35 (1), 128–152.
14-Covin, J., Green, K. M., & Slevin, D. P. (2006).Strategic Process Effects on the Entrepreneurial Orientation-Sales Growth Rate Relationships. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 30(1). 57-81
15-Covin, J.G., Lumpkin, G.T., (2011). Entrepreneurial orientation theory and research: reflections on a needed construct. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice 35 (5), 855–872.
16-Dawson, J., Richter, A., (2006). Probing three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression: development and application of a slope difference test. Journal of Applied Psychology 91 (4), 917–926.
17-De Clercq, D., Dimov, D., Thongpapanl, N., (2010). The moderating impact of internal social exchange processes on the entrepreneurial orientation–performance relationship, Journal of Business Venturing 25 (1), 87–103.
18- Dimitratos, P., Lioukas, S., Carter, S., (2004). The relationship between entrepreneur-ship and international performance: the importance of domestic environment. International Business Review 13 (1), 19–41.
19-Drnevich, P.L., Kriauciunas, A.P., (2011).Clarifying the conditions and limits of the contributions of ordinary and dynamic capabilities to relative firm performance. Strategic Management Journal 32 (3), 254–279.
20-Eisenhardt, K.M., Martin, J.A., (2000). Dynamic capabilities: what are they? Strategic Management Journal 21 (10/11), 1105.
21-Engelen, A., Gupta, V., Strenger, L., Brettel, M., (2013a).Entrepreneurial orientation, firm performance, and the moderating role of transformational leadership behaviors, Journal of Management (in press).
22-Engelen, A., Neumann, C., Schmidt, S., (2013b). Should entrepreneurially oriented firms have narcissistic CEOs? Journal of Management (in press).
23-Engelen, A., Kube, H., Schmidt, S., Flatten, T., (2014). Entrepreneurial orientation in turbulent environments: The moderating role of absorptive capacity: Research Policy 43 (2014) 1353–1369
24-Engelen, A., Schmidt, S., Buchsteiner, M., (2015), The Simultaneous Influence of National Culture and Market Turbulence on Entrepreneurial Orientation: A Nine-country Study
25-Escribano, A., Fosfuri, A., Tribó, J.A., (2009). Managing external knowledge flows: the moderating role of absorptive capacity. Research Policy 38 (1), 96–105.
26-Fernandez- Mesa. Anabel., Joaquin. Alegre (2015), Entrepreneurial orientation and export intensity: Examining the interplay of organizational learning and innovation, International Business Review 24, 148–156
27-Fox, J. M. (2005) Organizational entrepreneurship and theorganizational performance linkage in university extension, Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University.
28-Gupta, V., MacMillan, I. C., and Surie, G. (2004). Entrepreneurial Leadership: Developing and Measuring Across Cultural Construct, Journal of Business Venturing, 19.241–260.
29-Habbershon, T., Nordqvist, M., Zellweger, T., (2010). Transgenerational entrepreneurship. Exploring Growth and Performance in Family Firms across Generations. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, England, pp. 1–38.
30-Haleblian, J., Finikelstein, S., (2011). Top management team size, CEO dominance, and firm performance: the moderating role of environmental turbulence and discretion. Academy of Management Journal 36 (4), 844–863.
31-Helfat, C., Finkelstein, S., Mitchell, W., Peteraf, M.A., Singh, H., Teece, D.,Winter, S., (2007). Dynamic Capabilities: Understanding Strategic Chance in Organizations. Wiley, Oxford.
32-Huang, K. P. and Wang, K.Y., (2011).The moderating effect of social capital and environmental dynamism on the link between entrepreneurial orientation and resource acquisition, The journal of Quality & quantity.
33-Hughes, M., & Morgan, R. E. (2007), Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance at the embryonic stage of firm growth», Industrial Marketing Management, 36, 651–661
34-Jansen, J.J.P., Van Den Bosch, F.A.J., Volberda, H.W., (2005). Managing potential and realized absorptive capacity: how do organizational antecedents matter? Academy of Management Journal 48 (6), 999–1015.
35-Jaworski, B., Kohli, A., (1993). Market orientation: antecedents and consequences. Journal of Marketing 57 (3), 53–70.
36-Kearney, E., Gebert, D., Voelpel, S.C., (2009).When and how diversity benefits teams: the importance of team members’ need for cognition. Academy of Management Journal 52 (3), 581–598.
37-Kraus, S., Rigtering, J., Hughes, M., Hosman, V., (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of SMEs: a quantitative study from the Netherlands. Review of Managerial Science 6 (2), 161–182.
38-Kumar, N., Stern, L.W., Anderson, J.C., (2003). Conducting inter organizational research using key informants. Academy of Management Journal 36 (6), 1633–1651.
39-Liao, J., Welsch, H., Stoica, M., (2003). Organizational absorptive capacity and responsiveness: an empirical investigation of growth-oriented SMEs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 28 (1), 63–85.
40-Ling, Y.A.N., Simsek, Z., Lubatkin, M.H., Veiga, J.F., (2008). Transformational leader-ship’s role in promoting corporate entrepreneurship: examining the ceotmt interface. Academy of Management Journal 51 (3), 557–576.
41-Lio, Ch., Lee, T., (2015), Promoting entrepreneurial orientation through the accumulation of social capital, and knowledge management, International Journal of Hospitality Management 46 (2015) 138–150
42-Li, Y. H., Huang, J., & Tsia, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance: The Role of Knowledge Creation Process, Industrial Marketing Management, 38(4).440– 449.
43-Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2001). Linking Two Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation to Firm Performance, Journal of Business Venturing, 16(5).429-451.
44-Lyon, D., Lumpkin, G., & Dess, G. (2000). Enhancing Entrepreneurial Orientation Research: Operationalizing and Measuring a Key Strategic Decision Making Process. Journal of Management, 26.1055-1085.
45-Monsen, E., Boss, R., (2009). The impact of strategic entrepreneurship inside the organization: examining job stress and employee retention. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 33 (1), 71–104.
46-Moreno, A.M., Casillas, J., (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation and growth of SMEs: a causal model. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice 32 (3), 507–528.
47-Pearce II, J.A., Fritz, D.A. and Davis,P.S., (2010).Entrepreneurial orientation andtheperformance of religious congregationsas predicted by rational choice theory.Entrepr. Theory Pract, 34 (1), pp. 219–48.
48-Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: An Assessment of Past Research and Suggestion for the Future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33.761–781.
49-Rerup, C., Feldman, M.S., (2011). Routines as a source of change in organizational schemata: the role of trial-and-error learning. Academy of Management Journal54 (3), 577–610.
50-Rothaermel, F., Alexandre, M., (2009). Ambidexterity in technology sourcing: the moderating role of absorptive capacity. Organization Science 20 (4), 759–780.
51-Runyan, R., Droge, C., & Swinney, J. (2008), Entrepreneurial orientation versus small business orientation: what are their relationships to firm performance? Journal of Small Business Management, 46(4), 567–588.
52-Sciascia, S., D’Oria, L., Bruni, M., Larraeta, B., (2014), Entrepreneurial Orientation in low- and medium-tech industries: The need for Absorptive Capacity to increase performance, European Management Journal 32 (2014) 761–769
53-Shepherd, D; Covin, G.F; Kuratko F.D. (2008). Project Failure fromCorporate Entrepreneurship: Managing the Grief Process, Journal ofBusiness Venturing, 24 (6): 588-600.
54-Short, J., Broberg, J., Cogliser, C., Brigham, K., (2010). Construct validation using computer-aided text analysis (CATA): an illustration using entrepreneurial orientation. Organizational Research Methods 13 (2), 320–347.
55-Slater, S., Narver, J., (1994). Does competitive environment moderate the market orientation–performance relationship? Journal of Marketing 58 (1), 46–55.
56-Song, M., Di Benedetto, C.A., Mason, R.W., (2007). Capabilities and financial performance: the moderating effect of strategic type. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 35 (1), 18–34.
57-Sorescu, A.B., Chandy, R.K., Prabhu, J.C., (2003). Sources and financial consequences of radical innovation: insights from pharmaceuticals. Journal of Marketing 67 (4), 82–102.
58-Tsai, K., (2009). Collaborative networks and product innovation performance: toward a contingency perspective. Research Policy 38 (5), 765–778.
59-Vorhies, D.W., Morgan, N.A., (2005).Benchmarking marketing capabilities for sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Marketing 69 (1), 80–94.
60-Wales, W., Monsen, E., McKelvie, A., (2011).The organizational pervasiveness of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 35 (5), 895–923.
61-Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Small Business Performance: A configuration Approach, Journal of Business Venturing, 20.71–91.
62-Zahra, S.A., Garvis, D.M., (2000). International corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance: the moderating effect of international environmental hostility, Journal of Business Venturing 15 (5/6), 469.
63-Zahra, S., George, G., (2002). Absorptive capacity: a review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review 27 (2), 185–203.
64-Zahra, S., Hayton, J., (2008). The effect of international venturing on firm performance: the moderating influence of absorptive capacity. Journal of Business Venturing23, 195–220.
65-Zahra, S.A., Sapienza, H.J., Davidsson, P., (2006). Entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities: a review, model and research agenda. Journal of Management Studies43 (4), 917–955.