National Reputation: Concepts, Challenges and Approaches

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. in Commercial Management, Payame Noor University

2 Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration & MBA, Payame Noor University

10.29252/bar.9.18.269

Abstract

Organizational reputation has been raised and explained by researchers in recent years. But theorizing of national reputation, as a new subject, is in its early stages. The aim of this study is to propose a conceptual model for national reputation. This model can be used as a template by policy makers and researchers in various fields, especially the economy and trade of Iran. The method used in this research is qualitative grounded theorization. In order to identify and define the concepts related to national reputation, the corresponding literature has been studied in the first step. In the next step, the national reputation model has been clarified through interviews with official executives, private sector executives and management professors, based on the grounded theory research method. In the end, the nation branding challenges and strategies are discussed for the implementation of the model.

Keywords


1-    Akker, Daniëlle van den (2011). Creation of an umbrella national branding strategy; University of Twente Netherlands; Business Administration Master Thesis.
2-    Anholt, S, (2010). Places: Identity, image and reputation, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
3-    Anholt, S. (2003). Brand new justice: The upside of global branding, Oxford: Butterworth.
4-    Anholt, S. (2007). Competitive identity: The new brand management for nations, cities and regions, Basingstoke,England: Palgrave Macmillan.
5-    Anholt, Simon (2011). Beyond the Nation Brand: The Role of Image and Identity in International Relations, Exchange, The Journal of Public Diplomacy: Vol. 2: Iss. 1, Article 1.
6-    Anna, Maria; Layador, Rowena Luz G.; Estrada Darlene V. (2016). Public Diplomacy And Nation Branding: Is There A Need To Establish A Philippine National Branding Council?; Eurasia Review (ISSN 2330-717x); VOL. III, NO. 12  | September 2016.
7-    Ashworth, Gregory; Kavaratzis, Mihalis, (2010). Towards Effective Place Brand Management- Branding European Cities and Regions; Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
8-    Berens, Guido; Fombrun, Charles J.; Ponzi, Leonard J.; Trad, Nicolas Georges; Nielsen, Kasper (2011). Country RepTrak™: A Standardized Measure of Country Reputation, International Place Branding Yearbook, pp 77-91.
9-    Cagé, J; Rouzet, D (2014). Improving National Brands: Reputation for Quality and Export Promotion Policies; Journal of International Economics; May 2014.
10-    Carriói Sala, Marta (2011). Multistakeholder Methodology For Measuring Reputation; Ph.D. Thesis; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona.
11-    Danaei Fard, Hasan; Emami, S. Mojtaba (1386), Qualitive research Strategies, An insight on Grounded Theory; Journal of Management Thought, 1st year, Vol.2,  Fall & Winter 1386, pp69-97.
12-    Dinnie, Keith (2003). Place Branding: Overview of an Emerging Literature; Place Branding and Public Diplomacy Journal.
13-    Dinnie, Keith (2008). Nation Branding, Butterworth-Heinemann; First edition
14-    Dinnie, Keith (2009,a). Leveraging Nation Brand Equity – Potential Strategies for Trinidad And Tobago; Contact, the magazine of the Trinidad & Tobago Chamber of Commerce.
15-    Dinnie, Keith (2009,b). Repositioning the Korea Brand to a Global Audience: Challenges, Pitfalls, and Current Strategy; On Korea; Volume 2; Number 9; December 2009.
16-    Divandari, Ali; Ekhlasi, Amir (1391). Qualitive research Strategies, Branding Model for entertainment, residential, tourism and sport projects with domestic approach using grounded theory, Journal of commercial researchbook,1st year, Vol.65,Winter 1391, pp27-64.
17-    Đorđević, Bojan (2009). Corporate Strategic Branding: How Country and Corporate Brands Come Together; Economic Annals, No.177; P 59-88.
18-    Einwiller, Sabine (2001). The Significance of Reputation and Brand for Creating Trust in the Different Stages of a Relationship between an Online Vendor and its Customers; Eighth Research Symposium on Emerging Electronic Markets.
19-    Fan, Ying (2006). Branding the nation what is being branded; Journal of Vacation Marketing Vol. 12 No. 1, , pp. 5–14.
20-    Fan, Ying (2010). Branding the nation: Towards a better understanding; Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 6, 97-103 (May 2010).
21-    Fetscherin, Marc, (2010). The determinants and measurement of a country brand: the country brand strength index, International Marketing Review, Vol. 27 Iss: 4, pp.466 - 479.
22-    Firoozjaeian, Ali Asghar (1392). ISM Techniqe Application in Tourism Studies, Journal of tourism planning and developing, 2nd year, Vol. 6, Fall 1392, pp129-15
23-    Hague, Cliff; Jenkins, Paul (2005). Place Identity, Participation and Planning; Routledge.
24-    Helm, Sabrina, Liehr-Gobbers, Kerstin; Storck, Christopher (2011); Reputation Management; Springer; Heidelberg Dordrecht, London, New York.
25-    Jojin, John (2010). From Building to Branding Nation: Overseas Image Management of South Korea.
26-    Kaneva, Nadia (2011). Nation Branding: Toward an Agenda for Critical Research; International Journal of Communication; Vol 5; p 117–141.
27-    Kang, Minjeong (2010). Comparing Effect of Country Rep and the Overall Corp Rep of a Country on Intl Consumers' Pd Attitudes and Purchase Intentions; Corporate Reputation Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 52–62.
28-    Keillor, Bruce D.; M. Hult, G. Tomas (1999). A five-country study of national identity Implications for international marketing research and practice; International Marketing Review, Vol. 16 No. 1, 1999, pp. 65-82. MCB University Press, 0265-1335.
29-    Khaki, Gholamreza (1392). Grounded Theory Research Method, Fozhan Pub, Tehran.
30-    Kotler, P., Gertner, D (2002). Country as brand, product, and beyond: A place marketing and brand management perspective; Journal of Brand Management 9, 249–261.
31-    Kyung Mi, Lee (2009); Nation Branding and Sustainable Competitiveness of Nations; University of Twente; Ph.D. Thesis.
32-    Marino, Vittoria; Mainolfi, Giada (2011). Analysing and Assessing the Country Branding Process. Perceived Reputation Capital of Italy on the Chinese Market; International Cambridge Business & Economics Conference (CBEC), Cambridge 27-29 June 2011, pp. 1-26.
33-    Moilanen, Teemu; Rainisto, Seppo (2009). How to Brand Nations, Cities and Destinations; A Planning Book for Place Branding, Cromwell Press Ltd,Trowbridge,Wiltshire.
34-    Sarmad, Zohre; Bazargan, Abbas; Hejazi, Elahe (1383), Reseach Methods In Behavioral Science, Agah Pub, Tehran.
35-    Simonin, Bernard L. (2008). Nation Branding and Public Diplomacy: Challenges and Opportunities; The fletcher forum of world affairs- vol.32:3.
36-    Van Ham, Peter (2008), Place Branding: The State of the Art; The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science; vol. 616 no. 1; p 126-149. March 2008.
37-    Yazdani, Hamid Reza;  Bazargan, Abbass, (2013). Developing a Model for HR Value Chain Measurement in Saipa Industrial Group: An application of Mixed Research Method, Human Resource Management Doctorate Thesis,  University of Tehran, Faculty of Management.