Providing a Business Model of Crowdfunding in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Candidate in Information Technology Management (Intelligent Business), Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University

2 Associate Professor, Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University

3 Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Sharif University of Technology

Abstract

The most important support for knowledge-based start-up businesses is their financing, as the most important challenge of those businesses lies in the financing stage. With the advent of Web 2 and social networks, crowd funding has risen as the latest method of external financing. So far, many exploratory empirical studies have examined various aspects of this method mostly based on the features of advanced countries and superior crowd funding platforms in the world. Hence, it is necessary to study crowd funding and to develop the method in Iran too. This paper aims to provide propositions, crowd funding business models, and a typology of actors of this method in Iran by analyzing the exploratory empirical data obtained from active crowd funding platforms in the country. The analysis is conducted of the empirical data of five active platforms and 307 campaigns. The results show that the internal platforms, although recently launched, have been able to attract 24771 funders and to raise approximately 20,379,773,066 Rials. The success rate of crowd funding in Iran is 54 percent, and platforms with reward and donation models have the highest success rates. Since this paper is an exploratory study based on empirical data, only nine propositions have been made.

Keywords


 1-    Abbasi, Soheil (2014), Financing through Crowdfunding: Methods, Platforms and Motives, Sixth Conference on the Development of the Financial System in Iran, Tehran, Finance and Investment Center, Sharif University of Technology Studies, http://www.srir.org.civilica.com / Paper-IRFINANCE06-IRFINANCE06_176.html.
2-    Akbari Tabar, Ali Akbar, Eskandaripour, Ibrahim (2014), Social Media and Virtual Social Networks, Cultural and Art Institute of Cultural Approach and Exchange, Sep. 2014.
3-    Allison, T. H., et al. (2015). "Crowdfunding in a Prosocial Microlending Environment: Examining the Role of Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Cues." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 39(1): 53-73.
4-    Amini, Naeem, (2016), "Talks with Ja'far Mohammadi: Crowdfunding in the Difficult Context of Barriers and Legal Problems", Opportunity Newspaper Tuesday, October 7, 2016.
5-    Baharifar, Hamed, Mohsen Shahrabi, Mohammad Jalal (2017), Modeling of Small and Medium Enterprises 6. Crowdfunding: Concepts, Models and Legislative Considerations, Office of Economic Studies (Business Environment Study Group), Economic Research Deputy.
6-    Barasinska, N. and D. Schäfer (2014). "Is Crowdfunding Different? Evidence on the Relation between Gender and Funding Success from a German Peer-to-Peer Lending Platform." German Economic Review 15(4): 436-452.
7-    Baumgardner, T., et al. (2017). "Crowdfunding as a Fast-Expanding Market for the Creation of Capital and Shared Value." Thunderbird International Business Review 59(1): 115-126.
8-    Belleflamme, P., et al. (2013). "Individual Crowdfunding Practices." Venture Capital: An International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance 15(4): 313-333.
9-    Belleflamme, P., et al. (2014). "Crowdfunding: Tapping the right crowd." Journal of Business Venturing 29(5): 585-609.
10-Belleflamme, P., et al. (2015). "The economics of crowdfunding platforms." Information Economics and Policy 33: 11-28.
11-Cholakova, M. and B. Clarysse (2015). "Does the Possibility to Make Equity Investments in Crowdfunding Projects Crowd Out Reward-Based Investments?" Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 39(1): 145-172.
12-Colombo, M. G., et al. (2015). "Internal Social Capital and the Attraction of Early Contributions in Crowdfunding." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 39(1): 75-100.
13-Corazzini, L., et al. (2015). "Donor coordination in project funding: Evidence from a threshold public goods experiment." Journal of Public Economics 128: 16-29.
14-Cordova, A., et al. (2015). "The Determinants of Crowdfunding Success: Evidence from Technology Projects." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 181: 115-124.
15-Crowdfunding Site, http://crowdfunding.ir/
16-Deutsch, J., et al. (2017). "Mind the Gap: Crowdfunding and the Role of Seed Money." Managerial and Decision Economics 38(1): 53-75.
17-Dragojlovic, N. and L. D. Lynd (2014). "Crowdfunding drug development: the state of play in oncology and rare diseases." Drug Discovery Today 19(11): 1775-1780.
18-Ghorbani, Nastaran, Habibnejad, Hamed, Samazadeh, Reza (2015), A study on determining the importance of factors affecting investment in Crowdfunding schemes using neural networks, the International Conference on Tools and Management Techniques, 5 6th of March, 2015, Tehran.
19-Golchin, Sarah, (2016), Crowdfunding, Curiosity, Why and How: A Tool for Financing New Companies, Opportunity Today Newspaper, August 30, 2016, (http://forsatnet.ir).
20-Haddian, Alireza, Aony Asbfarshani, Arezoo (2016), The Effect of Customers' Perception of the Product on the Cultural Values Governing Market, Two Journal of Research in Business Management Researches in Yazd, Volume 7, Issue 14, Fall & Winter 2016, Page 265-284.
21-Hajian, Zahra (2017), Iranian startups in the midst of problems; opportunities that burn, Khorasan newspaper, Saturday, February 30, 2017, No. 19477.
22-Hemer, J., (2011). "A Snapshot on Crowdfunding." Working Papers Firms and Region, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, www.isi.fraunhofer.de.
23-Hörisch, J. (2015). "Crowdfunding for environmental ventures: an empirical analysis of the influence of environmental orientation on the success of crowdfunding initiatives." Journal of Cleaner Production 107: 636-645.
24-Hosseini, Seyyed Hossein, Nezamdost, Hossein, Mohseni, Behnam, (2015), Crowdfunding, Overseas Research and Development Report of Iran.
26-Ibrahim, N. and Verliyantina (2012). "The Model of Crowdfunding to Support Small and Micro Businesses in Indonesia Through a Web-based Platform." Procedia Economics and Finance 4: 390-397.
27-Koshdkar, Mehdi (2012), Crowdfunding and Open Innovation, Fourth International Financing Development Conference in Iran, Tehran, Sharif University of Technology Studies Center, http://www.civilica.com/Paper-IRFINANCE04-IRFINANCE04_010 .html.
28-Lotfi, Ali, (2015), Kickstarter, a Site Hosted by Artists Crowdfunding, Net Start, (http://www.netstart.ir/).
29-Macht, S. A. and J. Weatherston (2014). "The Benefits of Online Crowdfunding for Fund-Seeking Business Ventures." Strategic Change 23(1-2): 1-14.
30-Macht, S. A. and J. Weatherston (2015). "Academic Research on Crowdfunders: What's Been Done and What's To Come?" Strategic Change 24(2): 191-205.
31-Massolution (2015). Crowdsourcing and Crowdfunding …A Global Industry Perspective. Digital Malaysia: National Crowdsourcing Conference. Malaysia.
32-Mollick, E. (2014). "The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study." Journal of Business Venturing 29(1): 1-16.
33-Pitschner, S. and S. Pitschner-Finn (2014). "Non-profit differentials in crowd-based financing: Evidence from 50,000 campaigns." Economics Letters 123(3): 391-394.
34-Pourzrindi, Mohammad Ibrahim, Shahriari, Majid (2016), A Comparative Study of Venture Capital Investment Tools in Commercial Banks of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Quarterly Journal of Investment Knowledge, Year 4 / Issue 15 / Autumn 2016.
35-Riahi, Parisa and et al. (2015a), "An Introduction to crowdfunding," Deputy Director for Development of Entrepreneurship and Employment, Ministry of Co-operation, Labor and Social Welfare, March 2015.
36-Riahi, Parisa and et al., (2015b), Designing Different Financing Techniques for the Entrepreneurship Entity, Deputy Director for Development of Entrepreneurship and Employment, Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare, March 2015.
37-Shafiei Nikabadi, Mohsen, Zarei, Ali Asghar (2017), The Effectiveness of Publicity Social Networking Advertising, Two Journal of Research in Business Management Researches in Yazd, Volume 9, Issue 17, Spring and Summer 2017, p. 149-173.
38-Shafiei, Sanaz, (2016), Crowdfunding, is complementary to traditional financing methods in the digital era? Quarterly Journal of Tourism Bank, No. 1, Winter 2016, p. 22-27.
39-Valančienė, L. and S. Jegelevičiūtė (2014). "Crowdfunding for Creating Value: Stakeholder Approach." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 156: 599-604.
40-Yazdani, Jawad, Ghafouri, Attiyeh (2017), How does Crowdfunding transform young designers into brand-name entrepreneurs? Achievement, Twenty-sixth, No. 34, Summer 2017, pp. 44-49.
41-Zarandi, Saeed, Asakereh, Sajjad, Afsharpour, Mohsen, (2017), "A Survey of Business Models of Top Crowdfunding Paltforms in the World", 5th International Conference and 9th National Conference on Technology Management, Tehran, Iran.
42-Zheng, H., et al. (2014). "The role of multidimensional social capital in crowdfunding: A comparative study in China and US." Information & Management 51(4): 488-496.