فراتحلیل تأثیر منابع ناملموس بر عملکرد صادراتی شرکت‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری رشته مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش، با استفاده از روش فراتحلیل کمّی به دنبال بررسی و ارزیابی منابع ناملموس موثر بر عملکرد صادراتی شرکت‌ها می‌باشد. بر این اساس، با ترکیب نتایج پژوهش‌های داخلی و خارجی، به تجزیه و تحلیل نظام‌مند تحقیقات صورت گرفته قبلی پرداخته است. مطالعات پیشین در این زمینه، نتایج پراکنده و بعضاً متناقضی ارائه کرده‌اند که می‌تواند ناشی از تفاوت‌های روش‌شناختی، تفاوت‌های محیطی، نوع صنعت و سطح توسعه‌یافتگی کشورها باشد. بر اساس معیارهای ورود به تحقیق و خروج از آن، این پژوهش، با بهره‌گیری از نرم افزار جامع فراتحلیل (CMA) و با تحلیل نتایج ۴۰ سند تلاش کرده تا نقش منابع و دارایی‌های ناملموس را بر بهبود عملکرد صادراتی شرکت‌ها به طور کمّی و جامع ارزیابی کند. برای کاهش سوگیری در انتخاب مقالات، پایایی بین کدگذاران صورت گرفت. همچنین، برای ارزیابی ناهمگنی و سوگیری انتشار از آماره‌های Q،I2 ، آزمون اگر N ایمن از خطا و مدل‌های اثرات ثابت و تصادفی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که منابع نامشهود تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر عملکرد صادراتی شرکت‌ها دارند. به‌ویژه، قابلیت‌های بازاریابی و دانش بازار که با اندازه اثر 79/0 و 74/0 از عوامل کلیدی موفقیت شرکت‌ها شناسایی شدند. همچنین، یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که توسعه و مدیریت استراتژیک منابع نامشهود می‌تواند به‌طور بارزی عملکرد صادراتی شرکت‌ها را تقویت کند. بعلاوه، سیاست‌گذاران باید با ارایه برنامه‌های حمایتی، زمینه را برای رشد و بهره‌برداری بهینه از این منابع در شرکت‌ها فراهم آورند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Intangible Resources on Export Performance of Companies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Feiz, Davood 1
  • Azim Zarei 1
  • Mohammad Yousefi 2
1 Professor, Faculty of Economic, Management, and Administration Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan Iran
2 PhD student in Business Management, Faculty of Economic, Management and Administration Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Introduction: This study investigates the impact of intangible resources and assets on the export performance of firms and aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the relationship between these resources and export success. In recent years, the importance of intangible assets such as market knowledge, human capital, marketing capabilities, and innovation has grown significantly in enhancing international competitiveness. These resources play a crucial role in creating sustainable competitive advantages, enabling organizations to enter new markets, and improving export productivity. However, previous studies in this area have yielded scattered and sometimes contradictory results, which may be attributed to methodological differences, environmental variations, industry types, and the level of development in different countries. The goal of this research is to synthesize and comprehensively analyze the findings of prior studies through meta-analysis, providing reliable and evidence-based conclusions. Additionally, this study seeks to offer a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which intangible resources influence export performance. By addressing gaps in the existing literature, this research provides recommendations for managers and policymakers to optimally utilize these resources to enhance export performance.
Methodology: This study employed a rigorous quantitative meta-analysis to synthesize empirical evidence on intangible resources and export performance. A systematic literature search was conducted across major international databases (Springer, SAGE, Emerald, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar) and Persian databases (SID, Noormags, Magiran) using Boolean operators with key terms related to intangible resources and export performance, spanning 2004-2024. Studies were screened against strict inclusion criteria: only quantitative empirical studies reporting measurable statistical relationships (e.g., correlations, regression coefficients, t-values) between defined intangible resource constructs (e.g., marketing capabilities, market knowledge) and export performance metrics were included. This yielded 40 studies (36 international, 4 domestic).
Data extraction and coding were performed using a standardized protocol, ensuring reliability through independent coding and consensus. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plot inspection, Egger’s regression test and fail-safe N analysis, collectively indicating robust results free from significant bias
Discussion and Results: The results indicate that intangible resources and assets have a significant positive impact on firms' export performance. Specifically, marketing capabilities and market knowledge were identified as key success factors, with effect sizes of 0/79 and 0/74, respectively. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis using statistical indices confirmed significant differences among studies, reflecting variations in environmental and structural conditions. To ensure the validity of the findings, the meta-analysis's reliability and validity were rigorously examined. The results demonstrate that the findings are robust and highly generalizable. Theoretically, this research transcends descriptive insights to resolve persistent contradictions in the Resource-Based View (RBV).
Conclusion:  The findings of this study highlight that the strategic development and management of intangible resources can significantly enhance firms' export performance. Managers should invest in areas such as human capital training, market knowledge development, and improving marketing capabilities to create sustainable competitive advantages. This research emphasizes that intangible resources, by enhancing organizational capabilities and increasing flexibility in responding to market changes, have a meaningful impact on export success. Additionally, policymakers should provide supportive programs to foster the growth and optimal utilization of these resources in firms. By offering a comprehensive perspective, this study contributes to the theoretical literature on intangible resources and export performance. Beyond managerial implications, this study underscores a critical imperative for policymakers: the design of targeted support programs that catalyze the development and strategic deployment of intangible resources within exporting firms.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Meta-analysis
  • Export Performance
  • Intangible Resources
  • Market Knowledge

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کاوش‌های مدیریت بازرگانی
دوره 17، شماره 41
آبان 1404
صفحه 112-133

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