توسعه مدل رفتار بنگاه در موقعیت های مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکتی زیست‌‌محیطی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی سیاست‌گذاری بازرگانی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر دانشگاه تهران، ایران

10.22034/jbar.2024.19680.4282

چکیده

سهم بنگاه‌های اقتصادی، در ایجاد و حل بحران‌های محیط‌‌‌ زیستی قابل توجه است. هدف این مقاله، ارائۀ مدلی با رویکرد تکثرگرا در استراتژی رفتاری است که چگونگیِ رفتار بنگاه با محیط‌‌‌ زیست را از منظر روایت‌های ذی‌نفعان مطالعه کند تا با ایجاد شفافیت در تعارضات، فرایند رفتار بنگاه‌های اقتصادی با محیط‌زیست، آشکار شود. روش تحقیق، کیفی نظریه‌پردازی داده‌بنیاد انجام پذیرفت. داده‌ها از طریق 14 مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ذی‌نفعان مختلف با روش نمونه‌گیری نظری گردآوری شد. برای سنجش روایی از روش توافق دوکدگذار و برای سنجش پایایی از روش تأییدپذیری لینکلن و گوبا استفاده شد. «تصمیم‌گیری راجع به ادارۀ موقعیت رفتار بنگاه با محیط زیست»، پدیدۀ محوری تحقیق شناسایی شد. فشار ذی‌نفعان خارجی، الزامات کسب‌وکار و انگیزۀ مدیران شرایط علّی پدیده شناسایی شدند. ابعاد پدیده، شامل میزان اثر تصمیم بر کسب‌وکار و محیط خارجی بنگاه و تعداد ذی‌نفعان می‌باشد. مدیر از میان شقوق رفتاری هفت‌گانۀ انفعال، پنهان‌کاری، تضعیف نشانه‌های مسئله، توقف فعالیت، محاسبۀ آثار محیط‌زیستی، جبران تخریب‌ها و اصلاح فرایندهای کسب‌و‌کار، انتخاب (کنش) می‌کند. شرایط مداخله‌گر شامل شرایط بنگاه، محیط قانونی و سیاسی و عوامل اقتصادی و فرهنگی جامعه بر چگونگی تصمیم‌گیری اثرگذار است و رفتار پیامدهایی برای بنگاه، محیط‌زیست و اجتماع دارد. نتیجه آنکه، با توجه به مشغله‌های مدیران عالی و به دلیل ذات مسئلۀ محیط‌زیست که یک کالای عمومی است، محیط‌زیست در شرکت‌ها در حاشیه قرار دارد. بین ذی‌نفعان فضای بی‌اعتمادی حاکم است و سیاست‌گذاران با پیچیدگی‌های سیاسی، حقوقی، محیط‌زیستی و اجتماعی مواجه می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Development of the company's behaviour model in environmental corporate social responsibility situations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Javad Zenhari 1
  • Mohammad ali Shahhoseini 2
  • Amir Manian 3
  • Abdolhosein Vahabie 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate in business policy, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Prof., Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Faculty of electrical and computer engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The role of businesses in creating and solving environmental crises is significant. Today, company managers are so crushed under the wheel of capitalism that they don't have a chance to think about the long-term effects of their behaviour. The purpose of this article is to examine how companies behave with the environment, with a pluralistic approach in behavioural strategy. Behavioural strategy is a new approach in strategic management that, by using social psychology knowledge, explains how companies behave and is divided into three schools: reductionism, contextualism, and pluralism. In pluralistic approach, by comparing different narratives of stakeholders, organization internal and external conflicts become clear and the opportunities for improving the behaviour of the firm with the environment can be provided.
Research method: The foundations of epistemology in the school of pluralism in behavioural strategy are based on the philosophy of nominalism, pragmatism and evolutionary knowledge. This research is qualitative and has been carried out using systematic grounded theory method. Since this research does not seek to create meaning, but the goal is to get closer to the reality by putting together the diverse narratives of the stakeholders, the method of systematic grounded theory by providing a tool to discover the relationship of the existing facts helps better. The data has been extracted through semi-structured interviews with fourteen various stakeholders, including environmental experts, company managers, governmental officers in charge of the environment, environmental journalists and non-governmental organization activists. The obtained data were analysed through text analysis methods and open, axial and selective coding procedures were implemented. The company's behaviour model was developed in these decision-making situations about the environment. The agreement of two coder's method was used to measure validity and the confirmability method of Lincoln and Guba was used to measure reliability.
Findings: In the open coding stage, 173 codes were identified, which were divided into ten main categories in the axial coding stage. Decision-making regarding the situation management of the company's behaviour with the environment was identified as the central phenomenon of the research. Certain characteristics of the phenomenon include being non-repetitive, satisfying, and having uncertain results. There are other characteristics that exist in different types of phenomena, which include the degree of effect on the environment, the degree of effect on business, the degree of dissatisfaction of other stakeholders, the degree of transparency of the issue and the number of engaged stakeholders. These attributes in each example of the phenomenon can have a value from very low to very high in the dimensions that were said. Pressure from external stakeholders, business requirements and personal motivation of managers were identified as the causal conditions of the phenomenon. The dimensions of the phenomenon include the effect of the decision on the business, the effect of decision on the environment, the number of stakeholders and the pressure of the stakeholders. The decision maker chooses among the seven behaviours including Postponing decision making, concealment and continuation of previous behaviour, weakening the signs of the problem, stopping the destructive activities, calculating the business effects on environment, compensation of damages and correcting the process to preserve the environment. The mediating factors include the conditions of the company, the legal and political context, and the cultural factors of the society, which influence how managers make decisions. Every behaviour will have consequences on the economic status of the company, the company's brand and the company's executive processes on the one hand and consequences for the company's industry, the environment and local people on the other hand.
Conclusion: What distinguishes this research from similar researches in the field of relationship between organization and environment is the adoption of pluralistic approach in behavioural strategy. By putting together the different narratives of the stakeholders, it was concluded that due to the many economic concerns, the environmental concerns have been marginalized. There is not enough trust between the stakeholders and there is a lack of a constructive dialogue space to save the environment. Considering that the environment is a public good, the health of the agency mechanism in protecting the environment is very important, and the freedom of the media, the health of the judicial system, and the lack of confusion between private and state ownership can have a significant effect on improving this issue. According to the limitations of this research, it is suggested that the influence of the agency mechanism on the how managers select among the identified behaviours be investigated more closely. Also, from a practical point of view, optimizing the distribution of human and financial resources of environmental rulers, on the three issues of monitoring, demanding and developing win-win solutions between stakeholders can speed up the cycle of improving the behaviour of companies with the environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Behavioural strategy
  • Environmental social responsibility
  • Pluralism
  • Systematic grounded theory